The Changing Face of the Affluent Consumer
While
the travel preferences of the super rich and those who come from "old
money" are well understood by the hospitality industry, the "emerging
rich," younger affluent people, usually have a different mindset toward
travel. This article explores their travel expectations and the approach that
marketers should take to capture their business.
Despite
fluctuations in the economy, much of the world has spent the past few years in
the midst of a luxury consumption boom. Luxury
spending in the United States is growing more than four times as rapidly as
spending overall, and there is an increasingly large appetite for luxury goods
throughout Asia and Europe. In what Fortune
magazine terms the "Goldilocks" economy, new wealth is being created
at an unprecedented rate, and as a result, the face of the affluent consumer has
changed. The challenge now posed to marketers of luxury goods and services is
defining the demographics and psychographics of affluent consumers. Who are
they? What are their buying habits
And
what is the most effective means to reach them?
According
to the book Luxury Fever, by Robert H. Frank, luxury travel (trips with per-diem
spending of at least $350) grew by 130 percent between 1990 and 1995 and the
occupancy rates for luxury hotels, which stood at 69 percent a decade ago, now
stand at 76 percent. Luxury cars accounted for about 12 percent of all vehicles
sold in the in United States in 1996, up from 7 percent in 1986. Luxury
"status symbols" are popping up everywhere across America from
restaurant-style stoves in home kitchens to ultrapremium wines, choice real
estate, and even cosmetic surgery. But this growing taste for luxury is not
indicative of purely American values. According to Frank, "Japan, with
fewer than half as many people as the United States, consumes more than half the
U.S. volume of luxury goods."
And
while multi-millionaires are clearly prominent among the purchasers of these
luxury products and services, recent large sales volumes imply the vast majority
of buyers have less than six figure incomes. As puzzling as this may seem, it
can be traced to human nature in that once basic needs for food and shelter are
met, and as incomes continue to grow, it is instinctive for people to indulge
their inner "desires" for the finer things in life.
The Affluent Consumer Grows Younger
Therefore,
with the recent booming economy, one can no longer draw a picture of the typical
affluent consumer as having "old family money." The face of the
affluent consumer is changing across age, economic, and racial spectrums. Today,
the affluent consumer can be anyone from an heir to a family fortune to an
e-commerce millionaire who spends his days in Gap jeans and T-shirts. Moreover,
when these individuals purchase a luxury good or service, they want more than
just the product, they want "an experience." And in particular when it
comes to travel, the affluent consumer wants to collect vivid and meaningful
"experiences" to store as memories and exchange as
"conversational currency."
In
a recent presentation at the annual convention of The Leading Hotels of the
World, Ltd., Pamela Fiori, editor in chief, Town & Country Magazine, clearly
defined who the luxury customer is, pointing out that she classifies four
primary groups: 1) The Super-rich: those who live on an entirely different
level, travel on private planes, collect works of the Old Masters; belong to
royalty, etc; 2) The Bill Gates types/Industrialists/Rock Stars whose fortunes
are less certain; money was earned fairly recently but in staggering amounts
nonetheless, and there is nothing they cannot buy; 3) The Comfortably Rich, not
royalty, but extremely well-off and well-traveled. They make their money the
old-fashioned way, they earn it—but they want to reap the rewards. They are
demanding and know the services they want and are extremely brand conscious; and
4) The Emerging Rich/Emerging Affluent who comprise the top-level of Generation
X. According to Fiori, this is the most difficult group to define. They made
their money fast. The way they live, everything is fast. They are venture
capitalists and are diverse ethnically and racially.
Fiori
believes there has never been a better time in history to market a luxury
product. "As the majority of 'The Emerging Rich' did not grow up surrounded
by the finer things, it is important for luxury travel marketers to enlighten
them and expose them to the wonderful hotel experiences awaiting them, because
once they experience the good life, they are not going to go backpacking
again."
Dr.
Lalia Rach, dean, Preston R. Tisch Center for Hospitality, Tourism and Travel
Administration, New York University, concurs. "Today change is the dominant
feature of the affluent travel market. With the rise of the new economy, the
Wall Street 'whiz kids' and the Internet revolutionaries have created a new
generation of young entrepreneurs who have taken their ideas and skills and
become millionaires seemingly overnight. The most dramatic change in the
affluent traveler's profile is the decrease in the average age and their
different mindset toward travel." Dr. Rach continues to profile the new
affluent traveler as follows:
"They
are exceedingly absorbed by their work providing a true example of a 24 hours a
day and 7 days a week lifestyle. They work exceedingly hard and expect their
relaxation to be as challenging and demanding. When they do take time to relax
and enjoy themselves, they want to do so in an atmosphere that reflects their
earning status, provides a reward, and is fun and unusual. Exclusivity is but
one aspect that interests them while on vacation. They are looking for products
and services that allow them to define themselves and to celebrate their
success, but in a manner that is not traditionally defined and in many cases is
not understated. So whether the choice of a rental car, theatre tickets, or an
afternoon activity, they want an unusual, out-of-the-ordinary experience. The
affluent 20 somethings may wish to blend simplicity with extreme luxury such as
a picnic with sandwiches, fruit, cheese, and a 100-year-old bottle of wine. Of
course the picnic setting would be an exclusive island or the top of a mountain
accessible only by helicopter. The scope of their interest is boundless, and
they are looking for suggestions—but not what the traditional affluent
traveler likes unless it is with a modern explosive twist."
Dr.
Rach concludes by noting that "it is unusual to have a new niche develop
within a narrowly defined market segment. The dichotomy of the new affluent
traveler is captured in a single statement—the more they make, the more they
expect from life, including their travel experience."
Selling
the Dream
When
it comes to luxury goods and services, you are selling the dream and therefore
cannot always approach marketing to the affluent consumer with a basic
scientific approach. Hérmes, perhaps the consummate luxury brand, is living
proof of this belief. Addressing The Leading Hotels of the World Annual
Convention, Christian Blanckaert, president, Hérmes-Sellier, spoke about
"Marketing to the Luxury Customer." He believes that "Luxury is
often associated with anything that gives attention, care, respect of the
individual, and culture. The explanation of luxury itself is a paradox—it is a
word of feeling, word of mouth, spirit, dreams, talent—and nothing to do with
a marketing book. Today and tomorrow if we want to approach products and
services in luxury, we should forget marketing and concentrate on dreams, magic,
the irrational, rather than market research. If there is no concentration on
magic and hopes, there will be no delivery of luxury." Blanckaert was also
quick to point out that "Hérmes is not in the luxury business, Hérmes is
in the dream business. Our object is to charm, to surprise, not to
market."
With
this in mind, how do luxury marketers identify and sell to the affluent
consumer? At The Hotels of the World, for example, management has long believed
that affluent consumers naturally gravitate toward luxury brand names that
consistently deliver quality. Guests at a Leading Hotel undoubtedly drive luxury
cars, purchase Louis Vuitton handbags and luggage, wear Christian Dior
fragrance, and consume any number of high-end products. Would it not be more
prudent for the world's finest purveyors of luxury goods and services to come
together and create a luxury brand network to jointly market to the affluent
consumer?
Seeing
no such marketing initiative in place, the management of The Leading Hotels of
the World, Ltd. developed the concept of the "Luxury Alliance" and
partnered with Relais & Chateaux as the two founding members. Launched in
August 2000, the Luxury Alliance has already welcomed Crystal Cruises, eLuxury.com,
and Vivre as partners. The objective of the Luxury Alliance is to conduct joint
marketing programs to an exclusive group of high-end clientele who already
consume member products or would have a strong predisposition to do so. The goal
is to share customers, conduct cross-selling and promotional marketing efforts,
and thereby create increased revenue opportunities for all Luxury Alliance
partners.
The
Leading Hotels of the World, Ltd. also formed a joint venture partnership with
consumer trend research expert Peter Yesawich, president & CEO of Yesawich,
Pepperdine & Brown of Orlando to create Leading Marketing Services, a
full-service marketing, advertising, and public relations firm. The Leading
Hotels cf the World, Ltd. has a 73-year history of marketing to the affluent
consumer, while YP&B is the recognized leader in full-service hospitality
marketing communications as well as monitoring the trends and buying habits of
consumers. As partners in this new joint venture, Leading Marketing Services is
now in a unique leadership position to write the rules for affluent consumer
marketing.
YP&B,
in fact, recently conducted a survey entitled "Portrait of Affluent
Travelers" which debuted in conjunction with the launch of Leading
Marketing Services. The survey polled the opinions of a nationally
representative sample of 500 U.S. adults who took at least one trip that
required overnight accommodations in 1999, half of whom had annual household
incomes between $150,000 and $199,999; the other half of whom enjoyed annual
household incomes in excess of $200,000. One key finding of the survey is that
fully eight out of every ten wealthy adults state that they always look for the
best prices when making purchases. But don't expect them to be scouring the mall
in search of the best bargains; they are far more likely to look online, and
"prefer to buy brands with a reputation for quality."
Further
research into the psychographics of the new affluent consumer creates a
distinctive profile that is much different from the "typical" affluent
consumer to whom many of us have marketed in years past. It would be wise to
keep these facts in mind when you are planning your marketing efforts: the
younger affluent consumer seeks life-enriching experiences; wants to be assured
of style and quality; is stimulated by new and different situations; wants to be
recognized as knowledgeable and worldly; is not afraid of the unfamiliar,
offbeat, or exotic; has a global perspective; enjoys regionally authentic
products; has a certain predisposition to nostalgic designs; does not purchase
luxuries purely for materialistic reasons; has a social conscience and
appreciates doing business with organizations that have a true social
commitment; frequently socializes and therefore has a strong influence on the
buying decisions of peers; considers spirituality and religion as an integral
part of life; is quick to seek out information online; desires ways to simplify
life; and is always pursuing more of life's most essential luxury—time.
When
it comes to marketing travel to this new, younger affluent consumer, Rach notes
"an active, coordinated marketing effort is necessary to inform and entice
this segment. Advertising and communications should relate to their situation in
life. An understated approach will most likely turn them off. Marketing that is
bold, aggressive, colorful, emphasizes relationships, fun, and imparted with
some irony are concepts that attract this cohort. As well, the manner in which
communications are distributed is important. Advertisements must be placed in
publications that they read (business, specialized, and technology magazines),
at events they attend (music concerts, sporting events), and on targeted Web
sites (finance, trading, entertainment).
Affluent
consumers—young and old—are purchasing in record numbers and they continue
to seek information on the newest luxury goods and services available. Luxury
marketers, however, need to recognize that a blanket marketing approach will no
longer suffice. Much like the way the Internet has changed our marketing
strategies, those targeting the "affluent consumer" must recognize
that cookie-cutter campaigns will no longer work and a more targeted approach
speaking to the various audiences within this niche must be applied if marketing
efforts are to be effective.
- By
Jane Collocia – HSMAI
Marketing Review
2004 INVESTMENT OUTLOOK
Bargains At Either End Of The
Retail Spectrum
The best shopping advice for retail-stock
investors: Stay away from the crowded middle and focus on
luxury-good merchants or value-price stores. The strongest chains in
these fast-growing sectors stand to gain the most from the economic recovery.
On the high end, Neiman Marcus is a standout.
Unlike Saks Inc. (SKS ), which
operates department stores such as Carson Pirie Scott as well as the swankier
Saks Fifth Avenue, and Nordstrom (JWN
), which sells both designer and moderately priced apparel, Neiman Marcus
concentrates solely on the upper end, says Salomon Smith Barney (C
) analyst Deborah Weinswig. At $52, its stock is trading at 17 times forecast
earnings for 2004, making it a better value than Saks, with a p-e of 21, and
Nordstrom, at 18. For the same pure-play reasons, Lauren Cooks Levitan, retail
analyst at SG Cowen Securities Corp., recommends Tiffany & Co. (TIF
), the upscale jeweler that benefits from its distinctive brand image. -
By Robert Berner Business
Week 29 Dec 2003
WHO'S WEALTHY NOW? TODAY's
ELITE
According to an article by Laurie Freeman in Advertising
Age, the new face of luxury is being redefined. Who's wealthy
now? Today's elite: they're young, flush with cash and breaking the
rules. Consider the following:
- About 30% of the world's 7 million
millionaires live in North America, according to a study by Merrill Lynch
& Co. & Gemini Consulting. The total wealth held by these
millionaires increased 18% to $25..5 trillion in 1999, driven by a strong
global economy and stock market, says the "2000 World Wealth"
report
- Another class of wealthy
individuals, a group Merrill Lynch calls "ultrahigh net-worth
individuals" defined as those with personal financial assets of more
than $30 million (US), increased by 18% to 55,000 in 2000
- About 40,000 Americans have $10 million or
more in assets as of 1995. Of that number 27,000 had a net worth of
$10 million to $20 million, while 13,000 had a net worth of $20 million or
more
- The Internet IPO spawned a boon of
dotcom millionaires who have not a clue how to handle their newfound
wealth. For this audience especially, a premium value is placed on
recreation. Whistler,
for example, is a popular place for real estate investment
- What separates the old rich from the new
is the newcomers have tremendous appetite for information". They
want to learn what it means to be truly wealthy and affluent
- "Luxury today is not about the
accumulation of goods (implicit understanding that these indviduals could
purchase anything they wish but choose not to), its about pampering and self
indulgence
- Old money looks at the new money and
thinks conspicuous consumption associated with the '80's coming back, but
new money has a different set of consumption criteria
THE ELITE
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